Research Paper on Quantum Physics Essay Example

Research Paper on Quantum Physics Essay Quantum physics is a general name for a set of the natural theories originated in twentieth century, which, like the theory of relativity, mark a rupture between what is now called classical physics – all theories and physical principles accepted in the nineteenth century. The so-called â€Å"quantum† theories describe the behavior of atoms and particles – what classical physics, including Newtonian mechanics and electromagnetic theory of Maxwell, could not do – and elucidate some properties of electromagnetic radiation. Its description of microcosm, radically new, is based on new assumptions. In 1900, the researches of German physicist Max Plank showed that the radiation energy is discrete and is emitted by specific portions – quantum, whose energy depends on the frequency of the light wave. The theory of Max Planck did not need the concept of ether and overcome the contradictions and difficulties of electrodynamics by James Maxwell. Max Planck experiments led to the recognition of the dual nature of light, which has both corpuscular and wave properties. It became clear that such a conclusion was not compatible with the concepts of classical physics. Thus, Max Planck theory introduced a new quantum physics, which describes the processes in microcosm. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Quantum Physics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Quantum Physics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Quantum Physics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Basing on the ideas of Max Planck, Albert Einstein suggested the quantum theory of light, according to which light is a moving stream of photons. The quantum theory of light (photon theory) considers light as a wave with a discontinuous structure. Light is the flow of indivisible quanta of light – photons. It became clear that the electron is knocked out by a photon only if the photon energy is sufficient to overcome the force of interaction of the electrons with the atomic nucleus. In 1922, for the creation of the quantum theory of light, Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics. The explanation of the photoelectric effect of the process was based, in addition to the quantum hypothesis of Max Planck, on the new ideas about the atom structure. In 1911, English physicist Rutherford proposed the planetary model of the atom. The model represents an atom as a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. This model allowed to explain the phenomenon of rejection of alpha particles passing through the atom. As the size of an atom is larger than that of electron and nucleus, the alpha particle passes unimpeded through it. The deviation is observed only when the alpha particle passes close to the nucleus, in this case, the electric repulsion causes a sharp deviation from its original path. All this and even more should be presented in your research proposals on quantum physics. So you can freely use some free sample research papers on the subject, to find additional information for your research project. Are you looking for a top-notch custom written research paper on Quantum Physics topics? Is confidentiality as important to you as the high quality of the product? Try our writing service at EssayLib.com! We can offer you professional assistance at affordable rates. Our experienced PhD and Master’s writers are ready to take into account your smallest demands. We guarantee you 100% authenticity of your paper and assure you of dead on time delivery. Proceed with the order form: Please, feel free to visit us at EssayLib.com and learn more about our service!

Essay Sample on Magazine Design A Brief Analysis

Essay Sample on Magazine Design A Brief Analysis Magazine Design Brief Essay: Introduction The essay basically tries to give a brief synopsis at the brilliant idea of the yet to be established new health magazine that is set to surely hit the readers and meet the need of quality and accessible information that revolve around the broad topic of health and health factors. Objectives of the Magazine The underlying objectives that led to the invention of these brilliant idea of coming up with a health magazine that will surely suit the end needs of the readers generally include. It will focus on the topic of social justice and the main focus will be on health related issue on the subject matter of social justice. Targeted readers The targeted readers of the magazine will definitely comprise all those individuals who need to be motivated on the general topic of social injustices, and with specifications of the various injustices that revolve around the general subject matter of health and health related issues. Some of these health related issues generally revolve and comprise of the rape cases, social injustices like defilement of young children and minors. It generally is perceived as a social injustice but generally underneath it it attempts to prescribe the health related issues facing the topic of discussion. By looking at these factors viewers that will be of tangible benefit to the topic under siege will generally comprise the readers who will want to be motivated, it will also comprise of those particular individuals who will be motivational speakers in the health related topics of Health, Students studying health and health related issues will also benefit from the information in the magazine. In general the magazine has come at the right time to serve the right purpose. Insights about the readership The genesis of the idea came from the underlying factors that comprise the social injustices. This fact was merged with the understanding of the health related area under siege and a culmination of these various factors gave rise to the understanding of the various targeted explanations and information that was meant to be inculcated in the project. The Magazine therefore aims at giving a detailed analysis of the mentioned topic. With this in mind readers will be able to get tangible information on their sexuality, issues related to social injustices of rape cases, defilements of minors. Ethical and moral issues have also been studied as the society looks at those factors that are ethical and how ethics constitute to be termed as an injustice and also how it affects the area under siege. Layout of The magazine The layout of the magazine generally involves the broad aspects of the magazine. It is specifically chosen as it will efficiently provide a detailed scope of the whole picture and apart from that the various readers will also be able to efficiently absorb any data that is relevant to them. The magazine will also provide in its general preview a sense of utmost rest as the various issues will be demystified in the general scope of the magazine. It will also be of good use to the readers as it will serve many diverse purposes and may be used for decorations in many different related topics. Images Chosen The images chosen were based to reinforce and reiterate the point emphasized by the dedicated different writers. By basing on the various images of ladies who are raped and children’s who represent minors who have undergone the ordeal of the social injustices of defilement, the various pictures are meant to arouse pity from the different readers and to reiterate the various points emphasized by the writers. Conclusion In summation the magazine will be a hit. These is enough to explain the fact that it is what the society expects and hopes to receive and has come at the right time and the most efficient manner. The magazine has tapped the need of information on the broad topic of social injustices and other related issues on the category of health and health related issues. Feel free to get a custom essay on Magazine Design topic from professional writers at CustomWritings.com quality essay writing service. All custom essay papers are written from scratch!

Schedule and Cost Control Techniques - Quality Essay

Schedule and Cost Control Techniques - Quality - Essay Example However, from the perspective of the project management, total quality management poses a slightly different orientation. Quality in terms of project management means "project management technique or strategy that is implemented to assure that an awareness of quality is embedded in all phases of the project from conception to completion." (http://www.project-management-knowledge.com, 2008). It is believed that implementing quality in service oriented organizations as well as the project management is trickier in comparison to the manufacturing concerns mostly due to the measurement issues related with the quality (David A.Waits, 1994). However, despite that organizations and project managers are continuously stressing on the use of quality measurement tools for project management so that a consistent level of performance is achieved which is comparable with certain standards of quality. Insuring a good quality in project management requires that certain key areas are taken care of before implementing the concepts of quality and expecting the results which may be exceeding the expectation. First and foremost, it is very critical that quality assurance within the project management must get the commitment from the top management. Top management of the organization must have the ability to plan for the quality in project management but also have the required willingness to provide the resources to the project managers to deploy the necessary resources required to make the quality an integrated part of the project management. Further, top management of the organization must review the progress made against the set standards for the project management and must have the ability to reward the appropriate successes made in achieving the required quality standards for projects.It is also important that in order to achieve the quality in project management, the employees' em powerment is the key. This empowerment is achieved through the training and development of the members of the project teams. Further, empowerment can also be achieved through initiating the culture of appreciation and rewarding the genuine successes made towards achieving the required quality within the projects as well as through the various suggestion schemes so that the members of the project management team should feel themselves as part of the project as well as the whole organization. This can create strong stimulus for the project management team to deliver beyond the expectations of the management while achieving and maintaining a defined level of quality also. In order to achieve and maintain quality within the projects, it is very critical that the decision making is based on the facts and not made out of the emotions or guess work. As we have been discussing the various techniques of project management such as PERT and CPM, it is of the highest importance that the data provided for calculations made with the help of such techniques are correct and that the decisions made by the project managers at the various stages of the project are made inconsistent with the available facts and figures. This

Bullying and Zero Tolerance Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bullying and Zero Tolerance Policies - Essay Example From this table we can see that parents are not particularly satisfied with the solutions they have experienced and they would like to try out the zero tolerance policy. Also, we can see that there have been many instances where their children have been targeted to bullying activities and have been the victims. Parents are more willing to try out zero tolerance, and believe that it would work more effectively and efficiently. We can see that a higher percentage of parents think that their children are the victims instead of them being the bullies. Thus, from this we can easily say that parents have a biased opinion towards their own children. Parents think that of zero tolerance policy was to be introduced their child would engage less in such behavior but it is not fro sure that this is what would happen. The bullies could retaliate to this policy which would result in higher bullying activities. One major limitation is that the sample size is not large enough to make generalizations. Students hold very differing views than parents. The children admit that they have engaged in bullying behavior more often than they have been a victim. The children agree that a zero tolerance policy would work and they would engage in bullying behavior less if it were to be followed. ... The bullies could retaliate to this policy which would result in higher bullying activities. One major limitation is that the sample size is not large enough to make generalizations. The Student's Perspective The students were asked the same questions as the adults. Questions Percentage say 'YES' Percentage say 'NO' Have you ever been the victim of bullying Have you engaged in bullying behavior Were the bullying incidents in which you were involved resolved to your satisfaction Do you feel that a zero tolerance policy towards bullying would help to prevent future episodes of bullying Would you be less likely to engage in bullying behaviors if there was a zero tolerance policy Would the potential negative consequences of a zero tolerance policy which does not take into consideration any special circumstances outweigh the potential benefits of such a policy 35 19 51 38 57 53 65 81 13 62 43 47 DiscussionStudents hold very differing views than parents. The children admit that they have engaged in bullying behavior more often than they have been a victim. The children agree that a zero tolerance policy would work and they would engage in bullying behavior less if it were to be followed. This may be because the zero tolerance policy is something that they fear because if the child is caught bullying he is scared that he would be expelled from school and his/her parents might find out. Limitations As we have seen zero tolerance being introduced for other problems such as school shooting and drugs, children who are determined will continue to carry out wrong behavior. In this way this policy may not work as students may not take it

The Methodology ( primary and secondary research Data Analysis) - Assignment

The Methodology ( primary and secondary research Data Analysis) - Integrated industry project ( Benefits of Training and Development on employees and managers in ( Court - in UAE ) part 3 (Primary and - Assignment Example is expected that such officers must be at their very best in terms of their skills, acumen and ability to dispense fair and objective determinations or rulings. This is the reason as to why the court officers usually go for training and development programme so to improve their overall body of knowledge and skills. In retrospect, the employees of a Court in United Arab Emirates must also partake and share in the accumulation of knowledge accordingly. It is important to note and mention that the training and development endeavors and programme cannot be done in a blanket form. Instead, it would be done in a systematic approach and manner which would ensure that the training and development program meets the intended and desirable outcome in the long end (Al-Hamadi, Budhwar & Shipton, 2007, p. 101). This is to mention and imply that the training and development must be done in a way and manner that will target the right number of employees while at the same time give the employees the most relevant and articulate training possible. Tentatively, it is critical to align the training and development of the United Arab Emirates Court officials in a quantitative and qualitative manner. This is to imply that the crucial number of employees will be targeted while the most relevant and important form of training is given to them. A hypothetical case and example is such that the court clerks who usually take notes and record the court proceeding would be given trainings on how to use laptops and other modern electronic gadgets so as to help them type faster. Similarly the employees who are maintain the files may be trained and enlightened on safer method of record keeping using computer other than files and papers. In order to launch the training and development if the United Arabs Emirates Court officials, it is imperative and imperious to get the input of the people whose lives are directly linked to the courts or the form of trainings that would be used. The primary

Accounting Ratio Analysis And Comparison Of Companies Finance Essay

Accounting Ratio Analysis And Comparison Of Companies Finance Essay 1) Question 1 Find the most recent financial statements for two companies of same company industry which are listed in KLSE (Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange).Evaluate the financial position and performance for each of these two companies using accounting ratio analysis. You are required to compute and compare the accounting ratio between these two companies, and conclude the results of your finding. The limitations or problems of using accounting ratios for performance analysis should be included in your conclusion. entify and discuss three different ways for transferring capital or fund from saves to borrowers in the financial market. Table of content Page Questions 1 Introduction for question 1 3 7 Calculation for Gamuda and WCT Berhad 8 14 The ratio comparison between two companies 15 16 Conclusion 17 Question 2 18 24 Bibliography 25 Appendix 26 2) Question 1 Introduction Accounting ratios are the ratios that expressed and counted based on the financial statement of a company. Besides that, accounting ratios are also useful indicators of a firms performance and financial situation. Most of the ratios can be calculated from the information that is provided by the financial statements. Each type of accounting ratio provides an important data about a firms ability to repay its debts, its financial standing, and the potential for profit and how valuable stocks or investments in the company are. On top of that, accounting ratio also can be used to analyze the calculation and comparison of ratios which are derived from the information in a companys financial statements. Accounting ratios are a valuable and easy to interpret the numbers that is found in statements. When computing financial relationships, a good indication of the companys financial strengths and weaknesses becomes clear. Accounting ratio analysis the ratios into categories which tell us about different facets of a companys finances and operations. The following types of accounting ratios that is used, Liquidity ratios Asset turnover ratios Financial leverage ratios Profitability ratios Dividend policy ratios The purpose of an accounting ratio is to make financial reports regarding the performance of a company in a specified period normally by a year. These financial reports are later made available to the tax authorities, investors and creditors of the firm. Accounting ratios are calculated and grouped into five different categories for measuring the five different aspects of the business performance. There are five aspects of business measured by an accounting ratio. Profitability of company Liquidity of company Asset management of company Debts management and gearing of company Market value of investment to ordinary shareholders and common stockholders The formula for accounting ratio that are used to measure each aspect or area of business by accounting ratios are Profitability of company Gross profit markup (%) = Gross profit à · Cost of goods sold 100 Gross profit margin (%) = gross profit à · net sales value 100 Operating profit margin (%) = operating profit before interest and before taxation à · net sales valuex100 Profit margin on sales (%) = net income available to common stockholders à · Net sales value -100 Basic earning power (BEP) = operating profit before interest and before taxation à · total assets 100 Return on total assets (ROA) = net income available to common stockholders à · total assets 100 Return on common equity (ROE) = net income available to common stockholders à · common equityx100 Liquidity of company Current ratio/working capital ratio = current assets à · current liabilities Liquid ratio/quick ratio/acid-test ratio = liquid assets à · current liabilities Asset management of company Inventory turnover or stock turnover = cost of salesà · average stock value OR cost of salesà · closing stock value Total assets turnover = net sales à · total assets Debtor ratio = debtor à · credit sales Days sales outstanding (DSO) = debtor à · credit sales 365 days Debts management and capital gearing of company Debts ratio = total debts à · total assets Debts equity ratio = total debts à · common equity Times interest earned = profit before interest and before taxation à · interest charges Market value of investment to ordinary shareholders/common stockholders Earnings per share = net income available to common stockholders à · number of ordinary shares in issue Price/earnings ratio = market price per ordinary share à · earnings per share Earnings yield = gross earnings per share à · market price per ordinary share 100 Market price/book value ratio = market price per ordinary share à · net book value per ordinary share Besides that, there are three methods to compare accounting ratios for business performance measurement which are inter-temporal comparison between two periods, inter-firms comparison between two companies and comparison with industry averages. The two companies that are selected for business performance measurement are Gamuda Berhad and WCT Corporation Berhad. Gamuda Berhad is a Malaysia-based investment holding company which is the most famous in civil engineering construction. The industry of this company also operates in three business segment which involves engineering and construction, construction of highways and bridges, airfield facilities, railway, water treatment plants, dams and general and trading services. WCT Berhad is a Malaysia-based company which provides the provision of engineering services. The Company operates in three segments: civil engineering and construction, civil engineering works specializing in earthworks, infrastructure works, and property development. The information for these two companies which are required for business performance is measurement by accounting ratios in income statements and balance sheets of the two companies. Ratio with formula (Profitability of company) Calculation for 1st company (Gamuda Berhad) Calculation for 2nd company (WCT Berhad) Gross Profit Markup(%)= Gross profit=2455143000-1580125000-363348000-8595000-19973000-19260000-40866000 =RM422976000 Cost of goods sold =1580125000+363348000+8595000+19973000+19260000+40866000 =RM2032167000 =20.81% Gross profit =RM354659000 Cost of goods sold =RM4311943000 =8.23% Gross Profit Margin(%)= Net sales value=2455143000-0 =2455143000 Gross profit=2455143000-1580125000-363348000-8595000-19973000-19260000-40866000 =422976000 =17.23% Gross profit =RM354659000 Net sales value =sales return inwards =4666602000-0 =RM4666602000 =7.60% Operating Profit Margin On Sales(%)= Net sales value=2455143000-0 =2455143000 Operating profit before interest and taxation =259852000 =10.58% Operating profit before interest and taxation =RM244145000 Net sales value =sales return inwards =4666602000-0 =RM4666602000 =5.23% Profit Margin On Sales(%)= Net income available to common stockholders =280693000 Net sales value =2455143000-0 =2455143000 =11.43% Net income available to common stockholders =RM147098000 Net sales value =sales return inwards =4666602000-0 =RM4666602000 =3.15% Basic Earning Power= Operating profit before interest and taxation =RM259852000 Total assets =total non-current assets + total current assets =2347737000+4203173000 =RM6550910000 =3.97% Operating profit before interest and taxation =RM244145000 Total assets =total non-current assets + total current assets =RM1925297000+RM2553187000 =RM4478484000 =5.45% Return On Total Assets= Net income available to common stockholders =RM280693000 Total assets =total non-current assets + total current assets =2347737000+4203173000 =RM6550910000 =4.28% Net income available to common stockholders =RM147098000 Total assets =total non-current assets + total current assets =RM1925297000+RM2553187000 =RM4478484000 =3.28% Return On Common Equity= Net income available to common stockholders =RM280693000 Common equity =Ordinary share capital + Reserves =2025888000+1231637000 =RM3257525000 =8.62% Net income available to common stockholders =RM147098000 Common equity =Ordinary share capital + Reserves + Share premium =388856000+369256000+492134000 =RM1250246000 =11.77% Ratio with formula (Liquidity of company) Calculation for 1st company (Gamuda Berhad) Calculation for 2nd company (WCT Berhad) Current Ratio= Current assets =RM4203173000 Current liabilities =RM1930241000 =2.18:1 Current assets =RM2553187000 Current liabilities =RM1807550000 =1.41:1 Acid-test ratio= Liquid assets =Current assets Inventories =4203173000-79738000 =RM4123435000 Current liabilities =RM1930241000 =2.14:1 Liquid assets =Current assets- Inventories =2553187000-113709000 =RM2439478000 Current liabilities =RM1807550000 =1.35:1 Ratio with formula (Asset Management of Company) Calculation for 1st company (Gamuda Berhad) Calculation for 2nd company (WCT Berhad) Inventory Turnover= Cost of goods sold=1580125000+363348000+8595000+19973000+19260000+40866000 =RM2032167000 Closing inventories or stock =RM79738000 =25.49 times Cost of goods sold =RM4311943000 Closing inventories or stock =RM113709000 =37.92 times Total Assets Turnover= Net sales value =sales return inwards =2455143000-0 =RM2455143000 Total assets =total non-current assets + total current assets =2347737000+4203173000 =RM6550910000 =0.37 times Net sales value =sales return inwards =4666602000-0 =RM4666602000 Total assets =total non-current assets + total current assets =RM1925297000+RM2553187000 =RM4478484000 =1.04 times Debtor Ratio= Debtor or receivables =RM1607772000 Credit sales =RM2455143000 =0.65:1 Debtor or receivables =1206971000+265684000 =RM1472655000 Credit sales =RM4666602000 =0.32:1 Day Sales Outstanding= Debtor or receivables =RM1607772000 Credit sales =RM2455143000 =237.25 days OR =0.65-365days=237.25 days Debtor or receivables =1206971000+265684000 =RM1472655000 Credit sales=RM4666602000 =116.8 days or =0.32-365days=116.8 days Ratio with formula (Debts Managements of company) Calculation for 1st company (Gamuda Berhad) Calculation for 2nd company (WCT Berhad) Debts Ratio= Total debts =total non-current liabilities + current liabilities =1312946000+1930241000 =RM3243187000 Total assets =total non-current assets + total current assets =2347737000+4203173000 =RM6550910000 =0.50:1 Total debts =total non-current liabilities +current liabilities =1183958000+1807550000 =RM2991508000 Total assets =total non-current assets + total current assets =1925297000+2553187000 =RM4478484000 =0.67:1 Debts Equity Ratio= Total debts =total non-current liabilities + current liabilities =1312946000+1930241000 =RM3243187000 Common equity =Ordinary share capital + Reserves =2025888000+1231637000 =RM3257525000 =1:1 Total debts =total non-current liabilities +current liabilities =1183958000+1807550000 =RM2991508000 Common equity =Ordinary share capital + Reserves + Share premium =388856000+369256000+492134000 =RM1250246000 =2.39:1 Times Interest Earned Or Interest Cover= Operating profit before interest and taxation =RM259852000 Interest charge or cost =RM43813000 =5.93 times Operating profit before interest and taxation =RM244145000 Interest charge or cost =RM50308000 =4.85 times Ratio with formula (Market Value of Investment to Stockholders of Company) Calculation for 1st company (Gamuda Berhad) Calculation for 2nd company (WCT Berhad) Earnings Per Share= Net income available to common stockholders =RM280693000 Number of ordinary shares issue or ordinary share capital =2025888000 shares =RM 0.14 Net income available to common stockholders =RM147098000 Number of ordinary shares issue or ordinary share capital=388856à ·RM0.50=777712 shares =RM0.19 Price Earnings Ratio= Market price per ordinary share=RM3.20 Earnings per share=RM0.14 =22.86 times Market per ordinary share=RM2.60 Earnings per share=RM0.19 =13.68 times Earnings Yield= Gross earnings per share =100à ·75 Rm0.14 =0.187 Market price per ordinary share=RM3.20 =5.83% Gross earnings per share =100à ·75-RM0.19 =0.253 Market price per ordinary share=RM2.60 =9.74% Market Price Per Book Value= Market price per ordinary share=RM3.20 Net book value per ordinary share =Common equity / ordinary share in issue = Common equity =Ordinary share capital + Reserves =2025888000+1231637000 =RM3257525000 Number of ordinary shares issue or ordinary share capital =2025888000 shares ==Rm1.61 = =1.99:1 Market price per ordinary share=RM2.60 Net book value per ordinary share =common equity / ordinary share in issue Common equity =Ordinary share capital + Reserves + Share premium =388856000+369256000+492134000 =RM1250246000 Number of ordinary shares issue or ordinary share capital =388856à ·RM0.50=777712 shares ==RM1.61 = =1.61:1 Profitability of company: Gross profit markup, Gross profit margin, Operating profit margin, Basic earning power, and return on total asset of Gamuda Berhad is higher than the second company that is WCT Berhad. This indicates that the company was effective in controlling the expenditures. Besides that, for Basic earning power and Return on common equity, the first company is lower than the second company. This is because the ineffective use of assets and capital employed in business activities are at higher costs to reduce the production volume and sales volume. Liquidity of company The current ratio and the Acid test ratio for the companies Gamuda Berhad is higher than the second company WCT Berhad because the has the Gamuda Berhad highest amount of current assets and also highest amount of liquid assets that can be used to finance its current liabilities so that the company has highest liquidity to finance its short-term liabilities and also got chances to face short-term liabilities financial problem. Asset Management of company The inventory turnover for the Gamuda Berhad is much lower than the WCT Berhad because Gamuda has a slow stock turnover in the business which kept in store was very slowly taken out for resale, resulting large amount of stock accumulated to tie up money, which were having poor inventory management. For total assets turnover, the first company is low than the WCT because the Gamuda has a lowest sales from the assets indicating that company was inefficiently using the assets in business. On top of that, debtor ratio and day sales outstanding of the first company is higher than the WCT because the company got longer credit time to collect money slowly from debtors so that the balance is collected to tie up money and thus, having poor management on debtor collection. Debts Management The debts ratio for the Gamuda is less than the second company because the Gamuda got lower debts burden with smaller amount of debts and also bearing low interest cost to the available profit. Therefore, times interest earned for the Gamunda is much higher than the WCT because it has a bearing high interest charges to the available profit. Market value of investment to stockholders Earnings per share and earnings yield for the Gamuda is less than the WCT which indicates that the company has less growth in business profit , resulting lower net income available to each unit share , being less attractive and lower value to the common stockholders. Due to lower earnings per share, stockholders have to use more times of profit earning, more times of net cash inflow and a longer period to recover back their share investment. Besides, the price earnings ratio for the Gamuda is higher than the WCT. Market price per book value for the Gamuda is higher than the WCT that shows the company share price has inequitably risen up above its real asset value or book value for not being realistic to the stockholders. Conclusion As a conclusion, I will like to choose WCT Berhad because this company has a better performance in the business and here are some goods points of this company. On top of that, the WCT berhad company also have the highest Basic earning power and Return on common equity which is meant to increase the production volume and sales volume at lower costs as well as to increase the profit earning. Other than that, WCT berhad also has the is highest Inventory turnover which indicates a fast stock turnover where the goods purchased kept in store are fast taken out for resale so that the stock is not accumulated and money is not tied up with stock. Thus, the WCT berhad company did not face any short-term liabilities, and they are stable. The different firms using different financial policies which are also the comparison problems in inter firm. Question 2 Definition Financial markets are an organization for the people who are shortcoming of money and want to borrow money. Besides that, each financial market has different ways of financial methods in terms of its maturity and the asset backing it. Different financial markets have different ways of serving customers and operate different types the country. Financial markets dissent from physical asset markets because it is called tangible asset markets or real asset markets to deal with the tangible and physical manufacture such as machinery, computer and other physical assets. Physical asset market and financial market can also work as the future or spot market. Future market defines as the deals being sold for on the future delivery at some future date such as a year into the future whereas the spot market is define as the deals is being bought on the spot delivery within a few days. There are many types of various in financial market for an example such as money markets, capital markets, mortgage markets, consumer credit markets, primary markets, secondary markets, initial public offering (IPO) market and last but not least private market.   Money markets: Money market is a market dealing with short-term financial methods. Money market methods are include bankers acceptance, commercial paper, federal funds, treasury bills, and highly liquid debt securities which funds are loaned or borrowed for a short periods of less than one year. Money market is a segment of the financial  market in which financial instruments with high liquidity and very short maturities are traded. The money market  is used by participants as a means for borrowing and  lending in the short term, from several days to just under a year. Money markets do not have a fixed physical location. A money market fund is also called a mutual fund that empower in money market securities. Capital markets: Financial market that works as a conduit for demand and supply of primarily long term debt and equity capital. It channels the money provided by savers and depository institutions banks, credit unions, and insurance companies to the borrowers and investors through a variety of financial instruments called securities. It transports the money that is provided by depository institution and savers to invest or borrow through choices of financial methods called securities. Capital market also runs as an interchange for trading existing that request on capital in the form of shares or stock. Mortgage markets: A market for loans to people and organizations buying property a market for mortgages those has been bought by financial institutions and are then traded as asset backed securities. This arrangement will sum up the transaction in commercial mortgage, multi-family residential mortgage, home mortgage and farm mortgage. The holders of mortgage including the lenders that both originate the investment and change them as assets, such as thrift institution, commercial banks and insurance companies as well as those institutions that gets the loans in the secondary market.   Consumer credit markets: Consumer credit market is about a borrower uses any line of credit or loan to purchase goods services at the retail level. The cost of credit is the additional amount, over and above the amount borrowed, that the borrower has to pay. It includes interest, arrangement fees and any other charges. Consistently, consumer credit finances can be use at any asset that it will minimize quickly and it is not use for investment purpose. Loans for education, vacation or cars are also examples of consumer credit. However, consumer credit does not include loans that are for real estate. Primary markets: Primary market consists of the first buyers and issuer of the issues. Investors who buy shares in a new security issue meant they are buying from the primary market. Besides that, investors who purchase bonds and stocks in the primary market normally are not refundable commissions because the fees for selling the issue are built into its price and collected by the issue. Secondary markets: This market in which the existing and already purchases a security or other financial assets are able to trade among the investors after they have been issued by the institutions or corporation. Secondary markets is a market which investor buys a security from another investor rather than the issuer, the consequences to the original issue in the primary market is also called as aftermarket.   Initial public offering (IPO) market: IPO is the first sale of stock to a company. Furthermore, the most common reason is by offering securities or shares to the public for the first time. The most difficult part of an IPO is to find out the proper price to initially proffer the new stock. If the price is too high, the buyers will not be interested but if its too low, the company will sacrifice a lot of money that might have been made if others are higher. Private market: Private markets in financial transactions are worked out directly and privately between the two parties without going to the public where the transactions may be structured in any manner to those who appeals to the two parties. The three different ways for transferring capital or fund from savers to borrowers in the financial market are direct transfer from savers to borrowers, indirect transfer from savers to borrowers through investment banking house and indirect transfer from savers to borrowers through a financial intermediary. Direct transfer from savers to borrowers: Direct transfer takes place when an organization issues and sells its stock or shares immediately to the savers without passing through any other financial institution so that the organization as borrower immediately delivers its securities to the saver who in turn gives money to the organization. By this, the fund or capital is immediately transferred from savers to the organization or borrower. Issue corporations securities to Business Corporation -Æ’Â   Savers (Borrower)   Æ’Å ¸Ã‚  (Money Lender)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Receive capital of fund from Indirect transfer from savers to borrowers through investment banking house: This takes place when investment underwrites the issuance of a cooperations securities and where the contributors bank serves as a middleman to facilitate the issuance by buying the securities of the organization and then resell the same securities of the organization to the savers so that the money paid by the savers for buying of organizations securities are passed by the investment bank and will be received by the organization which acts as borrower. Issue Corporations Resell corporations Securities to Securities to Business Æ’Â   Investmentâ‚ ¬Ã‚   -Æ’Â  Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Savers (Money CorporationÆ’Å ¸ Banking House Æ’Å ¸ Lender) Receive fund from Receive fund from Indirect transfer from savers to borrowers through a financial intermediary: This takes place when a financial intermediary also know as a bank or a mutual fund that is obtain fund that are from the savers and by issuing its own certificate or securities of deposit to the savers. Then, the financial intermediary uses the fund that is collected from the savers to buy and to hold the securities of other company as contributors. In this case, the fund or the capital is transferred from the saver to financial intermediary when the saver has pay the money to the financial intermediary in interchange for receiving a certificate if securities or deposit issued by the financial intermediary. Therefore, the financial intermediaries will incredibly increase the efficiency of money and capital markets. This is shown in the following diagram:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Issue corporations securities to  Issue intermediarys own securities to Business Corporation -Æ’Â  Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Financial intermediary Æ’Â  Savers (Borrow) Æ’Å ¸Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Æ’Å ¸ (Money Lender)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Receive fund from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Receive fund from Investment banking house: The investment banking house runs by buying all the new security issue from a company or organization at one price and selling the issue with a smaller unit to the investing public at a inadequate high price to cover the expenses of sale and earn a profit. The company or corporation that distributes and underwrites the new issue of business organizations securities to assist the organization to collect fund for financing.   Financial intermediaries: Since the financial intermediaries are usually very large and they have gain economies of scale in analyzing the creditworthiness of those borrowers potential in collecting and processing loans. There are many type or various in financial intermediaries and those are commercial banks, savings and loan associations, mutual savings fund, credit unions, pension funds, life insurance companies and mutual funds. Commercial banks: Commercial banks are totally different from investment banks because commercial banks, they lend out money to the borrowers whereas the investment banks, they assist business company to raise fund or capital from the savers. Savings and loan associations: Savings and loan associations served residential and commercial mortgage borrowers where they likes to collect money or funds from those small savers and lend out this money to his house buyers or any other types of borrowers. Mutual savings fund: Mutual savings fund and savings and loan associations are almost the same process because they also accept savings from individual savers and lend out the money on a long-term basis to his house buyers and consumers.   Credit unions: This is a cooperative association which members are supposed to have something in common, so that the association collects funds from members and then lend to other members who need money to finance their house mortgage, house improvement and auto purchases. Pension funds: This is a retirement plans that given by the organization or government agencies for their employee   and administered primarily from the life insurance companies or the trust departments of commercial banks. Life insurance companies: Life insurance companies collect funds in the term of annual premiums and then invest back in to real estate, bonds, mortgages and shares, after that they will make their payments to the beneficiaries of the insured parties. Mutual funds: Mutual funds will collect savings from those savers and then use the savings to buy shares, short-term debt and long-term bonds method

Robert Frost :: essays research papers

It has been said many times that all men have a common bond, or a thread that joins them together. Robert Frost ¹s poem  ³The Tuft of Flowers ² explores the existence of such a bond, as experienced by the speaker. In the everyday circumstance of performing a common chore, the speaker discovers a sense of brotherhood with another laborer. Frost contrasts a sense of aloneness with a sense of understanding to convey his theme of unity between men. To understand the setting of the poem, one must first understand how grass was mowed in the time period in which the poem was written (1906). Grass was mostly mowed by hand using a scythe. The mowing was often done in the dew of the morning for better mowing. This left the grass wet, and it needed to be scattered for drying. The phrase turning the grass refered to the scattering of the grass for drying. In  ³The Tuft of Flowers, ² the speaker has gone out to turn the grass. Whoever did the mowing is already gone, for there are no signs of his presence. The speaker is alone. Then, a butterfly catches the speaker ¹s attention, and leads his gaze to a tuft of flowers, which the mower chose to leave intact. The patch of beauty left by his fellow worker causes the speaker to feel that he is no longer alone. There is a sense of understanding between the speaker and the mower, because an appreciation of beauty unites them. Frost uses peaceful images to relate the feeling of his poem. The setting is in a grassy field with a brook running through it. The tranquil feeling is added to by a silent butterfly, who searches for a flower upon which to land. In keeping with the peaceful surroundings, Frost speaks of a long scythe  ³whispering to the ground, ² and of hearing  ³wakening birds around. ² The speaker also listens for a whetstone  ³on the breeze ² to determine if there is anyone around, and finds a  ³leaping tongue of bloom ² beside the  ³reedy brook. ²  ³The Tuft of Flowers ² does not contain a definite meter, but it does have a strict rhyme scheme of AA, BB. The poem is organized in couplets, each of which contains a single thought. This makes the poem more charming and gives it simplicity, which adds to the overall feeling of peace and tranquility. Robert Frost provides many interesting ideas in  ³The Tuft of Flowers.

Case Analysis of “The Best Laid Incentive Plans” Essay

Background Summary The Best Laid Incentive Plan is a case analysis depicting organizational behavior and performance appraisal management. Rainbarrel Products is a loosely ran consumer durables manufacturer. Within the last ten years, Rainbarrel Products has shown difficulties rebounding from a sluggish economy. The CEO, Keith Randall, once described as â€Å"aspiring† and â€Å"innovative†, has allowed the company to fall victim to a downward economy due to the recent lax in leadership. In addition, Rainbarrel is not adjusting to the decrease in consumer spending in comparison to their competitors; however, this is the least of the company’s problems. In efforts to save Rainbarrel from continuous distress, Randall hires Hiram Phillips as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Chief Administrative Officer (CAO). Hiram generates changes in the company which yields great numerical results. Hiram’s strategy includes cost cutting the budget, reduction in staff as evidenced by cos t reduction in labor, restructured sales incentives, changes in customer service procedures, and changes in the shipping process. Phillips is very proud of his success and is eager for the Corporate Executive Council (CEC) to hear his progress. Sally Hamilton and Frank Ormondy, consultants with Felding & Company are solicited by Phillips to perform baseline metrics to be tracked and  monitored in a year’s timeframe. The consultant’s findings are revealed and everything seems to lean in Hiram’s favor; however, after the meeting, the tide turns. Randall approaches Phillips regarding unsolicited information from other members of the council pertaining to the metrics Hiram has in place. Phillip makes overwhelming changes to the current organization’s systems, procedures, and processes resulting in negative feedback from Rainbarrels employees and customers. Even though the consultant’s reports give Phillips glowing results, Hiram is unaware of the damage he is causing at Rainbarrel. Problem Statement: The main problem identified in the case is the flaws in the performance management systems. Rainbarrel needs to make a dramatic change to its performance management system. The system is one-sided and not aligned with the company’s performance culture and strategic objectives. According to Kastalli, Neely, and Van Looy, (2013), â€Å"increasingly, manufacturing firms are turning to services as a new way of creating and capturing value. Despite its potential benefits, many new product-service providers struggle to deploy service activities effectively, not least because they fail to reflect the presence of service activities in their performance management systems† (p. 100). The CEO has lost sight of other key components of the company which is impacting Rainbarrel from being a successful enterprise. This fact alone questions whether or not the current leadership should be at the helm of Rainbarrel Products. Assumptions: Kerr states (2003) â€Å"the metrics program of Hiram focuses on the intermediary steps and assumes that such enhancements will make a positive impact on the bottom line† (p.31). The assumptions that highlight the main issues include the following: Hiram Phillips knew how to work within Rainbarrel’s budget. The employees are motivated by monetary means. Rainbarrel’s shipping process and customer service department are the only factors which stymies productivity. Email is the preferred vehicle of communication at Rainbarrel. Performance management is not required to align with the performance appraisal and incentive plans at Rainbarrel Hiram assumes the â€Å"fat and happy† company will be†lean and mean† within a year.  Positive results are masked by dissatisfied customers, unhappy employees, and decreased productivity unbeknownst to Hiram. Analysis: This case analysis highlights the importance of assessing, reviewing, implementing, and evaluating processes in regards to performance measurement and management systems. Wouters suggest (2009), â€Å"the importance of performance measurement systems (PMS) has been widely acknowledged. This importance pertains to all functional areas. At the same time, PMS may serve different purposes in an organization: performance measurement systems help to formulate, communicate and implement strategy throughout the organization; they are used to control and influence behavior in the organization and guide the strategic planning process† (p. 68). The aanalysis will start with a glimpse into the issues at Rainbarrel Products. These problems are preventing Rainbarrel from â€Å"picking up the pieces† of its financial and organizational crisis and moving towards a more stable and profitable footing strategically. In addition, the attitude of leadership and inability of the top senior level managers to meet organizational and individual goals resonates throughout the case study. The issues in this case are: Poor system of supervision and control on the shipping and customer service operations No structured budget process Lack of motivation and enthusiasm among employees Inadequate communication between leadership, human resources, and employees Inadequate performance appraisals and incentive plans Among the changes are incentives to answer customers’ calls quickly because the employees would now be monitored, as well as the shipment of products on time. If this does not occur, employees will be held accountable and suffer the consequences. The goal of management is conflicting with the goals of the Rainbarrel employees. Hiram Phillips drafts a rule which indicates the products should not be labeled as shipped until it was out of Rainbarrel’s doors. This is in total contrast to shipping the products from the main warehouse to a location across the street. Rainbarrel likes to emphasize customer service in its values and mission statement, but no reliable metric had been used to track what constituted â€Å"on time† and what constituted â€Å"shipped† (Kerr, 2003, p. 30). Not only are there  problems internally at Rainbarrel but on the outside as well. Longtime and loyal customer, Brenton Brothers, expresses their unhappiness of not receiving shipmen ts on-time or at their request. â€Å"In some cases I’ve been told to take a late date or otherwise forgo the purchase. That becomes the promise date but not the date I asked for,† stated by the buyer Annie, (Kerr, 2003, p. 33). Recorded evidence shows several shipment requests placed by Brenton Brothers indicate the promised shipments had left the Rainbarrel property: however, upon further investigation the shipments were found â€Å"sitting on a railroad siding across from Rainbarrel† (Kerr, 2003, p. 33). In addition, when Brenton Brothers sends e-mails to Rainbarrel’s customer service department they are experiencing late responses to questions and inquires from the call center employees. This problem is one affecting many areas of shipment and customer service. Jaaron & Backhouse (2011), state â€Å"Call centres embraced by a manufacturing organization play a major role in this endeavour as they are the main channel of contact between organizations and their customers† (p. 614). Burgers, Ruyter, Keen, & Streukens (2000) along with Meyer, Allen, and Topolnytsky (1998) indicate, â€Å"in order for organizations to achieve competitive advantage through their employees. â€Å"It is most important to equip them with high levels of affective commitment due to its fundamental links with extra role behaviour in the organization† (p. 48). There is no current protocol in place to monitor the call center for quality assurance purposes. With little or no motivation, there is no way to prove the duties are even performed on a daily basis. At this point, the employees are holding on to the only incentive they have, and that’s the salary wages paid to them now. With â€Å"Fire†em at the elm, nothing is guaranteed whether it means happy customers or not. Liu and Chang (2009) report, â€Å"interviewees were asked about how front-line employees are measured and rewarded. They have commented that the measurement of front-line employees in the call centre is done on the basis of how good they are in matching the company’s principles of serving the customer through employees’ appraisals in the call centre. The number of value-adding calls is counted against the non-value-adding calls to form the basis for measuring and evaluating employees work in general. The front-line employees in the call centre are rewarded by getting feedback and recognition on their work† (p. 619). Frezatti (2009) explains â€Å"the  budget contains the priorities and direction of the organization for a period and provides an opportunity to evaluate the entity’s performance, its internal areas and its managers.† [†¦] It is considered one of the pillars of management and a fundamental tool for accountability that exists in the organization† (p. 135). Hiram’s extreme budget cuts to make Rainbarrel ‘lean and mean†, is his only method of streamlining processes as it relates to performance management. Rainbarrel’s inadequate budget is the common denominator resulting in Hiram’s plan of budget cuts, imposing across the board workforce reduction up to 10 %, implementing the ‘wall of shame’ monitoring tool for underachieving customer care representatives and an unreliable metric regarding on time shipping. Budgets serve as a financial tool for companies, as well as a performance evaluator. Without a solid budgeting process, companies are taking a hopeful attempt to plan for expenses and sales. Hiram Phillips knows the budget is fat and happy now; however, he has not indicated any budgetary goals for the future of Rainbarrel, only short term solutions. Hiram’s metrics look good on paper, but the bottom line is his current budget metrics is displeasing to Rainbarrel’s employees and customers. According to Stern, (2013) â€Å"in theory, budgets tell you where you stand financially, and where you might be heading. In the budget process, the goals can be both individual and team, and behavioral problems may arise if the goal is too high (unattainable), if it is too easy (too vague) or if it generates conflicts between the company and the employees’ goals (goal conflict)† (p. 20) .The non existing budget structure at Rainbarrel influences production; for example, the Innovation ‘X’ project is on hold due to the fact it is not in the budget for the fiscal year, Thus, Rainbarrel is missing out on potential revenue. According to Gostick and Elton (2009), â€Å"A few misguided managers believe that 100 percent of motivation should be internally driven and that recognition is used only to motivate â€Å". Organizational behavior is emphasized on the employees’ behavior and how they perceive themselves in the organization. The impact of employee morale and lack of enthusiasm is vital for the growth of the organization. The current culture at Rainbarrel consists of lack of enthusiasm and motivation partly due to no incentive rewards programs, lack of communication between employees and leadership, and largely to layoffs. Daniel H. Pink’s Drive: the Surprising Truth about  What Motivates Us illustrates what motivates people, especially in a working environment. Pink theorizes motivation arises from reward and punishment of employees. Pink (2009) believes â€Å"human beings aren’t much different from horses – that the way to get us moving in the right direction is by d angling a crunchier carrot or wielding a sharper stick†(p. 10). The metrics, Hiram has in place, which include, reduction in labor cost, the â€Å"wall of shame†, and the change in sales commissions to employees is causing dedicated and loyal employees to become unengaged capital. The paucity of communication at Rainbarrel impacts the company as a whole. The lack of communication between Randall and Phillips causes a trickle down effect between Phillips and the workforce. Phillips does not respond wisely in communicating the changes at Rainbarrel. The case analysis, The Best Laid Incentive Plans, illustrates several examples of poor communication. Hiram does not communicate the performance metrics he plans to implement. For instance, the email policy indicates the time limit on email responses. Employees are penalized if they do not open and respond to email notification from the company. Email should not be the main method of communicating pertinent information to employees of organizations. In order to have effective performance management, there should be communication between leadership and its workforce; therefore, goals and expectations are communicated and understood of both parties. More recently, a 2008 study performed by the Pew Internet & American Life Project revealed that 72% of all full-time employees have an email account that they use for work, and 37% of those workers â€Å"check them constantly† (Madden & Jones, 2008). The CFO is hired to improve Rainbarrel’s organizational and individual performance metrics which are causing the company to fall against main competitors and industry standards. The current change initiatives show a win-win for Hiram and Rainbarrel but failed efforts for the employees. According to Barber and Strack, (2009) â€Å"today’s performance measures and management practices don’t reflect the particular economics of people-driven businesses† (p. 81). Howard does not realize problems occur in his current performance metrics. The reduction in labor cost results in unmotivated staff; streamlining of service calls by two minutes produces frustrated workers and unhappy customers, restructuring the commission sales impacts the productivity of the sales people, and Hiram’s inept ability to  operate the service and shipping department creates a weak performance management system. Smith and Mazin (2013) report , â€Å"the entire organization benefits from a system that aligns performance to company-wide goals, provides a structured format for measuring results and giving feedback, and establishes a record for each employee that can be used for individual development, to inform future supervisors, and to make sound employment decisions† (p. 49). Recommendations: During Hiram’s interview, his main goal is to do what is right in regards to Rainbarrel Products; thus, the performance metrics instituted by Phillips results in cost saving efforts but morally bankrupts the company. Examining the metrics listed in the case analysis, there are recommendations Rainbarrel should implement in order to align Hiram’s strategies and the overall wellbeing of the employees and the company. The first, Hiram should reexamine the current metrics. Without budgetary guidelines, Hiram makes cost reductions based on a sluggish economy. Hiram is not comparing prior fiscal year data to current year data. Hiram is simply basing his metrics on slumping product sales and numbers. Implementing budget structure as a tool will eliminate assumptions Hiram has of the overall performance of Rainbarrel. Packer and Teeters (2012) indicate that â€Å"the budget had grown beyond a financial tool. It is above all managerial tool; in essence, it is the best tool for making sure that key resources, especially financial resource are assigned to priorities and to results. It is a tool that enables the manager to know when to review and revise plans, either because results are different from expectation or due to environmental conditions, economic conditions, market conditions or technologies change, which no longer correspond to the assumptions of the budget† (p. 467). I would also, recommend Hiram conduct monthly budget audits for the first 5 years of implantation. Ijiri (2008) â€Å"The main purpose of budget audits is to make sure that budgeting processes are carried out as specified by budgeting principles and procedures† (p.665). The monthly audits will allow Rainbarrel to adjust the budget on an as needed basis. labor), which are the most significant expenses and the primary variable cost that audit firms incur. According to Ettredge, Bedard, and Johnston (2009) â€Å"Our study finds that asymmetric ratcheting occurs during the budgeting process (p. 15). Audit  firm management successively removes budget surpluses to a greater extent than they provide incremental budgeted hours following budget shortfalls, thus maintaining budgetary control on a continuing basis. Engagement teams also respond asymmetrically, decreasing reported hours following budget surpluses to a lesser extent than they increase reported hours following budget shortfalls† (p. 15). Referencing Bertazzi (2008), â€Å"One of the most common problems is the one in which both transportation and inventory costs are taken into account. The aim is to determine shipping policies that allow the minimization of the sum of these two costs† (p. 750). It is revealed the shipping of products promised is not occurring according to the â€Å"on-time’ ghost policy Hiram has mandated. I propose Rainbarrel implement a shipping policy. The policy should include the shipping date, which includes the shipping turn around time. Also, the policy should indicate refun ds of shipping and handling fees if the delivery is not made as promised. In the Brenton Brothers’ case, the good and services purchased from Rainbarrel are not delivered as promised. The service management is very loose in regards to the customer service representatives at Rainbarrel. There are complaints of long hold times, no return phone calls from employees and the customers are being rushed off the phone. A study conducted done by (Schalk and Van Rijckevorsel, 2007 😉 illustrates â€Å"customer service representatives (CSRs) in a call center in India are given more autonomy in the production market† (p. 77). According to Schalk and Van Rijckevorsel (2007) â€Å"Autonomy refers therefore to the ability of the worker to take over production by integrating personal work skills that could overcome the failures of the production system. The CSRs’ work requires a certain degree of autonomy. In fact, they highlight that the work organization in call centers is articulated around the standardization of the production process and the customer orientation† (p.3). Layoffs due to the economic crisis, the ‘wall of shame’, unfair s ales commissions, and limited incentives are causing low employee moral and motivation. In order to regain the respect and trust of employees, Rainbarrel’s leadership needs to decide on how to motivate its people. I suggest Rainbarrel motivate through leadership. Tebeian, (2012) notes, â€Å"The leadership style has s a direct, positive and statistically significant effect on the subordinates’ motivation† (p.1094). The leadership is definitely an influence of Rainbarrel’s culture and  strategic market sustainability. In their article published in the Havard Business Review, 2008, Nitin Nohria, Boris Groysberg and Linda Lee-eling researched an employee motivation model and incorporated Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The model includes four drives: leadership style, motivating the team, performance, and job satisfaction. The results of the study shows needs identified by Nitin Nohria, Boris Groysberg and Linda Lee-eling are â€Å"interconnected at the brain level, and the level of fulfillment of each of them directly influences emotions , therefore behaviour as well† (p. 1094). In order for employees to support the organizations, communication is imperative. (Dolphin, 2005), â€Å"Internal communication is communication between the organization’s leaders and one of its key publics: the employees† (p. 185). I recommend Rainbarrel schedule face to face meetings, such as monthly department meetings or team huddles with front line managers, employees, and stakeholders. In the case analysis, email is the preferred route of communication; however, important information is being misconstrued. Chong (2007), studying Singapore Airlines, found that focusing on face-to-face dialogue between management and staff helped the airline deliver its brand promise to its customers through its employees (p.203). Another recommendation to improve communication at Rainbarrel is initiate written communication via the company’s intranet site. The implementation of a company intranet site will convey important information regarding the company’s strategy, policy changes, and forecasted issues. A secure intranet site is ideal to broadcast convey information to the company employees. Borden adds (2010), â€Å"the company’s intranet must be organic and ever-changing, ready to embrace and depl oy new communication technologies that facilitate information sharing across the company† (p.44). According to Barber and Strack (2005), â€Å"when people are your most important resource, some standard performance measures and management practices become ill suited to their tasks† (p. 81). The current performance metrics and incentives at Rainbarrel have impacted negatively on employees. The performance management and measurement system should meet the needs of employees and Rainbarrel. I propose the CEO implement performance appraisals and fair incentive awards. Bacal (2004) points out â€Å"Performance appraisals enable employers and employees to define, communicate, and review expectations, goals, and progress in achieving strategic objectives. The  purpose is to improve the way employees contribute to an organization’s goals and job performance. Appraisals are also intended to sustain, improve, and help an employee† (p. 21). Dunlap (2010)† Distinguish and reward your top performers in a manner that is fair—not equal, but perceived as fair and justified† (p. 10).

In the event of default under a bilateral commercial Essay Example

In the event of default under a bilateral commercial Essay Example In the event of default under a bilateral commercial Essay In the event of default under a bilateral commercial Essay In the event of default under a bilateral commercial loan understanding, the bank will hold available to it, a scope of options. Default can happen in assorted different grades and for assorted different grounds. The grade of the default and the ground for the default should act upon the manner in which the bank reacts to the default. Events of default clauses in term loan understandings allow loaners to end their committednesss to impart to borrowers and to demand the refund of outstanding loans in certain state of affairss. They normally cover breaches of the loan understanding every bit good as fortunes which are likely to do such breaches. Of class, if the loan is repayable on demand, the right to end conferred by events of default will non by and large be needed [ 1 ] . The footings of an event of default clause are a affair of contract and will change harmonizing to factors such as the intent and size of the loan, its proposed continuance and the fiscal strength of the borrower. In pattern there are standard events of default which appear in most loan understandings every bit good as events which are tailored to accommodate single fortunes. Default can run from non-payment of involvement and principal, through breach of the representations, compacts and other duties in the understandings. The happening of the events that are set out in the loan understandings default clause may non automatically constitute default, for there may be demands that notice be given to the borrower, grace periods, materiality trials and other restrictions built into the clause. All of these should be considered when the bank is measuring how to respond to a default by the commercial client [ 2 ] . In some understandings clauses may be drafted so that default is defined s o as non to happen unless a beach of the understanding is material or has an inauspicious consequence on the ability of the borrower to refund [ 3 ] . English Law takes the position that a bank can raise its default redresss without restriction. A proficient breach of the default clause will be no alibi for the borrower, will its inability to run into its duties owing to fortunes that are beyond its control be an alibi. This is because English Law requires rigorous public presentation in relation to contractual duties and a borrower will non obtain any alleviation against forfeiture. Forfeit will non be available in contracts which do non affect the transportation of possessory or proprietary rights, or in weaponries – length minutess where clip is of the kernel [ 4 ] . The lone restriction that the bank will hold in exerting its default redresss is the regulation against punishments. One of the options open to the bank would be to bespeak that the whole sum of the loan understanding be repaid on default and this would non be construed as enforcing a punishment. [ 5 ] The commercial world of a default clause is that it acts bestin terroremthat is to state that the menace of the default clause is much more powerful than the infliction of it. This is particularly true in default clauses that contain â€Å"cross default provisions.† Such commissariats mean that if the borrower defaults on one loan with a peculiar bank so all other liabilities that the client has with that bank will fall due. This menace is make a facing to the client but causes troubles for the bank. The ground for this is, if the client is fighting to run into payment on a loan it is improbable to be in the fiscal place to refund all of its liabilities. This means that unless the state of affairs is dire a prudent bank would non be advised to name a default even where there is no cross-default clause. If the bank holds security it would be wiser to exert this option alternatively [ 6 ] . Therefore it can be seen that some of the obstructions to exerting a default clause derive from the very nature of loaning: â€Å"because Bankss are in the concern to impart money ; if the borrower is able to refund, the it is likely still deserving imparting to †¦ . [ A ] demand for refund which was met would about surely mean the terminal of any relationship with the company [ 7 ] † If the bank does non exert the default clause so the inquiry of what the bank should make implore to be answered. If the default is non serious so the bank may merely relinquish the breach and let the contract to go on. If the breach is more serious than the bank may utilize the menace of raising its redresss to negociate a more favorable rescheduling. If the bank opts non to exert a default clause it can non be said to hold waived its redresss unless it has full cognition of the fortunes which would give rise to its right to name default. Furthermore, to hold waived an event of default it must hold acted unambiguously. Therefore it will follow that release of late payment this month will non represent release of late payment following month. However in order to protect its place the bank should ever corroborate such agreements in authorship. Finally if a bank chooses to exert its default clause they should take attention non to transgress the grade by interfering in the direction of the borrower to such an extent as to put on the line going apt as a shadow manager, .i.e. a individual in conformity with whose instructions the managers of the borrower are accustomed to move [ 8 ] . However, in pattern [ 9 ] , this is merely likely to originate in limited fortunes [ 10 ] . Bibliography Legislative acts Companies Act 1985 Cases Kuwait Asia Bank EC v National Mutual Life Nominees Ltd [ 1990 ] 3 All ER 404 On Demand Information PLC V Michael Gerson ( Finance ) PLC [ 2002 ] UKHL 13 Pan Foods V ANZ Banking Group ( 2000 ) 74 ALJR 791 ( HCA ) The Maule [ 1997 ] 1 WLR 528 ( Personal computer ) Wallingford v Common Society ( 1880 ) 5 App Cas 685 Williams A ; Glyn s Bank Ltd v Barnes [ 1981 ] Comm LR 205 Journal Articles Lear S, ( 1993 ) â€Å"Events of Default† , Law Society Gazette 90.15 ( 31 ) Books Cranston R, ( 2005 ) â€Å"Principles of Banking Law† , Oxford University Press ; Oxford Donaldson J A ; Donaldson T, ( 1982 ) â€Å"The Medium Term Loan Market† , Macmillian, London 1

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